Energy harvesting was and still an important point of research. Batteries have been utilized for a long time, but they are now not compatible with the downsizing of technology. Also, their need to be recharged and changed periodically is not very desirable, therefore over the years energy harvesting from the environment and the human body have been investigated. Three energy harvesting methods which are the Piezoelectric energy harvesters, the Enzymatic Biofuel cells, and Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are being discussed in the paper. Although Biofuel cells have been investigated for a

In this paper, the series and parallel connections of the fractional flux-controlled memristors are studied. Asymmetric I-V hysteresis with high I-V nonlinearity can be obtained from single fractional memristor as reported in literature. However, connecting different memristor emulators can convert the asymmetric hysteresis to symmetric one and maintaining the high I-V nonlinearity to be used in some memristor devices. The proposed circuits have been analyzed mathematically to study the effect of changing the frequency and fractional power. Different cases have been verified on PSpice using

Uncertainty on the condition of the weather always give a major headache to the agricultural industry as the cultivated plant that is grown on a large scale commercially rely on the condition of the weather. Therefore, to reduce the interdependency on the weather itself, a recommendation to develop a prototypic mobile robot for smart irrigation is submitted. Smart irrigation system is an essential tool from yield point of view and scarcity of the water. This smart irrigation system adopts a soil moisture sensor to measure the moisture content of the soil and automatically provide a signal to

Pinched hysteresis behavior is considered evidence of the existence of the memristive element. Recently, the multi-lobes (more than two) behavior has been discovered in some memristive devices. In this paper, a fractional-order flux/voltage-controlled memristive model is introduced that is able to develop multiple symmetric and asymmetric pinch-off points. Generalized closed-form expressions for the necessary conditions of multiple pinch-off points existence are derived in addition to the coordinates of the pinch-off points in the I-V plane. Closed-form expressions for the minimum and maximum

The focus in supercapacitor research typically falls into one of two categories: (i) the rational design and engineering of electrode materials and electrolyte formulation to achieve high performance devices at competitive costs, and (ii) the modeling of their resulting behavior in response to constant-current charging/discharging, cyclic voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy. However, less work has been dedicated to new ways for charging these devices. In this work we show that charging a supercapacitor, modeled as a constant phase element with a series resistor, using a linear voltage ramp

Carry lookahead adders (CLAs) are extensively used in digital circuits due to their logarithmic computational time (O(log n)) compared to linear computational time(O(n)) in the ripple carry adders. In this paper, two design approaches for N-digits ternary logic CLA based on K-map and threshold logic methods are proposed in addtion to their realization using CNTFETs only and memristor with CNTFETs. Finally, 4-bit ternary CLA is presented. A comparison and tradeoffs among the proposed designs are presented in terms of the delay and the area. The comparison shows that the transistor-only-based

Supercapacitors, which are now widely used as power sources in various applications, are discharged with one of the following three basic discharge modes: a constant current load, a constant resistance load or a constant power load. A constant current load is one which varies its internal resistance to achieve a constant current regardless of the applied voltage. For the constant resistance case, it results in a change of power as the voltage level changes. And for a constant power load, the load varies its impedance as the input voltage changes in order to keep the power constant. However

This paper presents a multiplierless based FPGA implementation for six different chaotic Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNGs) that are based on: Chua, modified Lorenz, modified Rössler, Frequency Dependent Negative Resistor (FDNR) oscillator, and other two systems that are modelled using the simple jerk equation. These chosen systems can be employed in high speed applications because they don't utilize any hardware multiplier. The proposed PRNGs have been implemented using VHDL, synthesized on Xilinx, using the FPGA: XC5VLX50T, and tested using the NIST statistical suite. Furthermore, a

Fractional-order models of supercapacitors are advantageous in that they have fewer terms, offering simpler expressions to accurately describe the transient characteristics of these devices than integer-order models. When evaluating the discharge characteristics of supercapacitors, a constant current is often considered which does necessarily represent real-world applications. In this work, the voltage discharging expressions of a fractional-order model of a supercapacitor to time-varying polynomial discharging currents are presented using simulations to highlight the different cases. In

This paper investigates the multi-switching master–slave synchronization of non-identical chaotic systems in which state variables of a master system are synchronized with different state variables of a slave system using the sliding mode control technique. To design the appropriate controllers via sliding mode control for different switches, Lyapunov stability theory is taken into account. Theoretical results are applied by considering two non-identical chaotic systems where one is considered as master system and another is considered as slave system. Numerical simulations are performed to